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Science & Technology Strategy and Policy

Institutional Embeddedness, Strategic Response, and Globaliza⁃ tion Performance: A Comparative Study on Overseas Expansion  Models of Chinese and Japanese Enterprises 

Yang Ting1, 2 , Wang Yongwei1, 2 

(1.School of Management, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China; 2.China  (Henan) Enterprise Going Global Research Institute, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou  450046, China)

Abstract: Against the backdrop of profound changes unseen in a century, global industrial  and supply chains are undergoing accelerated restructuring. Chinese enterprises have steadily expanded their overseas business, with robust export growth emerging in emerging industries  such as new energy. Nevertheless, they are confronted with challenges, including insufficient lo⁃ cal integration, inadequate capacity to address geopolitical risks, and imperfect collaborative  mechanisms, restricting the quality of overseas development. As a mature industrialized  economy in East Asia, Japan has established a sophisticated overseas operation system for its en⁃ terprises. China and Japan share similar cultural origins and industrial evolution trajectories, and both suffer external technological containment and industrial chain adjustments, rendering  comparative research of high practical value. From the perspective of institutional embeddedness, this paper adopts the historical com⁃ parative analysis method and constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework consisting of  institutional embeddedness, strategic response, and globalization performance. It systematically  compares institutional constraints, strategic behaviors, and operational outcomes of SinoJapanese enterprises' overseas expansion since the 1980s, and explores the internal driving  mechanisms behind divergent overseas development models. The research reveals that the home  country institutional system serves as the core factor leading to discrepancies in internationaliza⁃ tion paths. Japan's government-coordinated economic system fosters enterprises' long-term ori⁃ ented and progressive overseas expansion, while China's state-guided market economy encour⁃ ages firms to seize opportunities and achieve leapfrog growth. Divergent institutional environ⁃ ments drive distinct strategic decisions regarding market entry, industrial layout, and organiza⁃ tional management, ultimately forming two contrasting globalization performance patterns: steady  in-depth development and rapid scale expansion, which respectively represent the paradigms of  in-depth globalization within traditional industrial civilization and of restructured globalization  within digital and green civilization. This study remedies the deficiencies of existing research, such as predominant unilateral reference, insufficient bilateral comparison, and superficial ex⁃ ploration of internal mechanisms. Combining the strengths and weaknesses of the two models  and practical development difficulties, it proposes optimization strategies from national institu⁃ tional guarantee, industrial collaborative ecosystem, and corporate core competence perspec⁃ tives. The findings provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for Chinese enterprises to  break development bottlenecks, integrate deeply into the global division of labor, and build  world-class and globally competitive enterprises. 

Key words: Sino-Japanese enterprises; overseas expansion model; institutional embedded⁃ ness; strategic response; globalization performance; industrial chain restructuring; high-quality  development; comparative study