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Science & Technology Strategy and Policy

Strengthening the Systematic Layout of Basic Research with En⁃ terprises as the Mainstay:Theoretical Logic and Policy Orientation 

Yin Ximing1, 2 , Chen Lyuming2 , Cha Hongbo2

(1.School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; 2.School of Global Gover⁃ nance, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

Abstract: Against the backdrop of intensifying US-China tech rivalry and cutthroat competi⁃ tion in global industrial and innovation chains, the systematic layout of basic research has  emerged as the core strategic pillar for China to achieve high-level self-reliance and selfimprovement in science and technology, build an independent and controllable modern indus⁃ trial system, and foster new quality productive forces. While existing studies have reached a con⁃ sensus on the importance of systematic basic research layout, they remain confined to discus⁃ sions of necessity and macro-level principles. There is insufficient exploration of critical issues  such as the practical challenges, operational mechanism construction, efficient crossstakeholder collaboration, and dynamic industry-university-research alignment of China's basic  research systematization. Nor have existing studies systematically elaborated the complete theo⁃ retical logic and practical pathways for enterprise-led systematic basic research. Building on  this and grounded in national strategies and industrial development realities, this paper system⁃ atically sorts out the practical challenges facing China's systematic basic research layout, deeply  elucidates the inherent logic of advancing basic research systematization with enterprises as the  mainstay, and proposes targeted policy orientations. The study identifies five core problems in  China's systematic basic research layout: misaligned evaluation and incentive systems leading to  the marginalization of industry-oriented basic research; imbalanced investment structure and in⁃ adequate funding guarantees for industrial basic research; structural imbalances in the talent sys⁃ tem and institutional barriers to cross-stakeholder talent mobility; low collaborative efficiency of  strategic scientific and technological forces with prominent resource fragmentation; and the ab⁃ sence of a full-chain organizational mechanism, resulting in a serious disconnect between basic  research and industrial application. On this basis, this paper reveals the inherent logic of advanc⁃ ing the systematization of basic research with enterprises as the mainstay. Historically, it is an in⁃ evitable trend of the evolution of basic research paradigms from the linear "science-push" model  to the ecological "two-way drive of science and application" model. In terms of value logic, en⁃ terprises possess unique functions in context traction, resource integration, achievement transfor⁃ mation, and ecosystem construction. Operationally, building a full-chain collaborative opera⁃ tional mechanism of "enterprises setting questions, industry-university-research institutions answering them, and the market grading the results" is the core implementation path for enterprise led systematic basic research. Technologically, the new AI for Science (AI4S) paradigm further  strengthens enterprises' core advantages in data, computing power, and engineering capabilities. Finally, this paper puts forward specific policy recommendations from five aspects: improving  the classified evaluation and incentive system, constructing a diversified and collaborative in⁃ vestment system, perfecting the talent recruitment, cultivation, retention, and utilization mecha⁃ nism, optimizing the layout of strategic scientific and technological forces, and strengthening sys⁃ tematic organization and paradigm innovation. This study enriches the theoretical system related  to basic research systematization and enterprises' status as the main innovation subjects. Mean⁃ while, it provides actionable pathways for China to unblock the innovation chain of basic re⁃ search, applied development, and achievement transformation, enhance systematic innovation ca⁃ pabilities, and accelerate the realization of high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in sci⁃ ence and technology. 

Key words: systematization of basic research; enterprises as the mainstay of scientific and  technological innovation; context-driven; industrial basic research; self-reliance and selfimprovement in science and technology; scientific and technological innovation; industryuniversity-research; achievement transformation