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"New Quality Productive Forces and High-level Science & Technology Self-reliance and Self-strengthening" Column

Challenges and Practical Pathways for Developing New Quality  Productive Forces Under the New Round of Scientific and Techno⁃ logical Revolution and Industrial Transformation 

Zhang Zhuo, Liu Baiyu 

(School of Marxism, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China)

Abstract: Under the new round of global technological revolution and industrial transforma⁃ tion, accelerating the development of new quality productive forces is an inevitable requirement  for China to enhance its core technological competitiveness. Developing new quality productive  forces is a major strategic judgement made by China in response to the "Four Orientations". It  provides a historical opportunity for China to rapidly enhance its international competitiveness  and influence, thereby achieving a "lane-changing overtaking". This paper systematically sum⁃ marizes the practical challenges faced by the development of new quality productive forces un⁃ der the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, using a combination  of literature research and case analysis, within the framework of Marxist productivity theory and  Schumpeter's innovation theory. The results show that: ①Western countries led by the United  States are gradually intensifying preventive measures against China in technological competition; meanwhile, China's national innovation system is still not perfect and urgently needs to tackle  key core technologies in critical areas. ②There remains a relative shortage of top-tier innovation  talent in China, with a large gap in high-end talent, especially top innovation talent; the regional  and industry distribution of talent is uneven; and there is even a real challenge of talent loss. ③ The United States increasingly recognizes that its technological leading advantage is being rap⁃ idly caught up, and its traditional dominance is facing unprecedented challenges. Consequently, the "exclusivity" aspect of the US technological competition strategy is becoming more pro⁃ nounced, as it unilaterally provokes the China-US trade war, announces additional tariffs on  China, and attempts to weaken China's economic and technological development capabilities  through strict import and export controls. ④Compared with developed countries, Chinese enter⁃ prises still have certain gaps in R&D investment intensity, innovation incentive mechanisms, and the efficiency of results conversion. The main reason is that China's leading enterprises have  shown a significant pragmatism in R&D resource allocation, with resources highly concentrated  on applied research that can quickly achieve productization and commercial returns, and a rela⁃ tively low willingness to invest in basic research, which has become one of the bottlenecks re⁃ stricting the development of new quality productive forces. Based on this, accelerating the devel⁃ opment of new quality productive forces requires establishing a new national system for tackling  key core technologies, implementing systematic strategic planning to accelerate national techno⁃ logical innovation development, cultivating high-level talent in technological innovation to  gather strong talent support for developing new quality productive forces, fostering technologi⁃ cally leading enterprises with independent innovation capability to activate the driving engine  for new quality productive forces, and actively promoting international scientific and technologi⁃ cal exchanges and cooperation to create a globally open and innovative ecosystem for the devel⁃ opment of new quality productive forces. 

Key words: new quality productive forces; scientific and technological innovation; industrial  transformation; high-quality development; artificial intelligence; digital economy； Marxism; sci⁃ entific and technical revolution