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Study and Implement the Spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Communist Party of China(CPC) Central Committee

China's Path to a Scientific and Technological Powerhouse in the  New Era: A Review and Prospect 

Wan Jinbo1, 2 

(1.Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2.School of  Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract: Since entering the new era, China has accelerated the building of an innovative  country, achieved its goal of joining the ranks of innovative nations on schedule in 2020, and  laid a solid foundation for building a scientific and technological powerhouse by 2035. The next  decade will be a "critical decade" for China to seize the opportunity for innovative development. The global sci-tech revolution and industrial transformation will accelerate and reshape the pat⁃ tern of innovative development. The next decade will be a "crucial decade" for China to win the  sci-tech game among major powers through competition. The technology field, especially the ba⁃ sic frontier and key core technologies, will constitute the main battlefield and competitive focus  of the great power game, profoundly changing the global competitive landscape. The next decade  will be a "critical decade" for China to lead the country with strong sci-tech support. The deep  integration of sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation will become the basic path to lead  the development of new quality productive forces and promote systematic changes in the driving  force of national development. To build a scientific and technological powerhouse by 2035 and  achieve high-level sci-tech self-reliance and self-improvement, decisive progress must be  made during the 15th Five-Year Plan, significantly enhance the overall efficiency of the national  innovation system, and significantly improve the level of sci-tech self-reliance and selfimprovement, seize the high ground of sci-tech development, and continuously generate new  quality productive forces. To implement the strategic deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, we must strengthen the "five pillars" of building a scientific  and technological powerhouse, advance the "five major tasks" for its development, accelerate the  achievement of high-level sci-tech self-reliance and self-improvement, and lead the develop⁃ ment of new quality productive forces. The key tasks and pathways encompass five aspects: ① Fully leverage the advantages of the new national system, supporting high-level sci-tech selfreliance and self-improvement through high-level basic research, original innovation capabili⁃ ties, and breakthroughs in key core technologies, thereby significantly increasing leading and  pioneering fields to seize the commanding heights of sci-tech development. ②Deeply integrate  sci-tech innovation with industrial innovation, markedly enhance the driving role of innovation, lead the development of new quality productive forces, and strengthen international influence  and leadership by establishing the country as a world-class scientific center and hub of innova⁃ tion. ③Comprehensively deepen reforms in the sci-tech system, fully unleash the dynamism of  innovation and creativity, significantly improve the overall efficiency of the national innovation  system, and ensure the construction of a scientific and technological powerhouse through a ro⁃ bust governance system and capabilities. ④ Advance the development of education, sci-tech, and talent in an integrated manner, using high-level talent cultivation and aggregation as the  foundational support for building a scientific and technological powerhouse, and establish a com⁃ petitive talent advantage. ⑤Emphasize the international responsibility and core capability of a  scientific and technological powerhouse by promoting human well-being and global develop⁃ ment, fostering an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness. 

Key words: scientific and technological powerhouse; high-level sci-tech self-reliance and  self-improvement; new quality productive forces; scientific and technological talent; science and  technology governance